Computer Risks And Security Computer Risk - 2284 Words

Abstract—In the document, Computer Risk and Security, the objective is to educated the reader about computer risks and security. The text describes different operating systems and how they can be exploited and, how to avert threats and methods to prevent them. The text will define computer crimes such as fraud, identity theft, hacking, and cyber terrorism in combination with their penalties. Keywords—Computer; Risk; Threats; Protection; Theft. I. Introduction What is a computer risk? A computer risk is anything that can harm a users information on a computer. This information can varry, in value, from computer to computer. A hacker can steal information with a variety of methods such as, exploiting the operating sytem (2), and coding viruses or worms (3). A user can protect their computer (4) by implamenting an antivirus and safley browsing the web. II. Types of Operating Sytems and How They Can Be Explioted A. Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is the most common operating sytem because it can be used on a wide variety of computers. Microsoft windows is the most probable, and logical operating sytem to try to exploit. According to Horace Dediu, a journolist at Asymco, every year since the start of apple; windows computer sales have been higher than apples by a multiple of at least 5. In 2004 windows sold fifty five times the amount of computers than apple did according to the graph shown above [2]. Rick Delgado says, â€Å"90% of the world s computers still runShow MoreRelatedComputer Security Risk Management And Legal Issues1573 Words   |  7 PagesAttack Bharath Reddy Aennam (1079250) New York Institute of technology Professor: Leo de Sousa INCS 618 - Computer Security Risk Management and Legal Issues 04th Oct 2015 Contents Abstract 4 Introduction: 5 Key Terms: 5 Risk: 5 Threat: 6 Encryption and Decryption 6 Encryption: 7 RISK MANAGEMENT FRAME WORK 7 Criteria: 8 IMPACT OF LOSS: 8 Brute force attack: 9 GOATSE SECURITY: 10 Conclusion 12 References 12 Abstract Day by Day cyber-crimes have becomes more more popularRead MoreRisk Management : An Essential Part On Computer Security Planning1455 Words   |  6 Pagesdamaging risks It is impossible to assure protection from all the treats, no matter how secure the system is. Planning for security isn’t possible. However, performing a full risk assessment of developing security protocols and enforcing control to avoid network devastation. 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critical analysis of chitra banerjees The Palace of...

Name : V.Kala College : St. John’s College, Palayamkottai, Place : Tirunelveli. INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH-A LITERARY UPRISING NON-LINEAR NARRATIVES In a literary work, narrative is an art of telling a story to the readers and the writer uses various techniques to narrate his story. Narrative technique is vastly an aesthetic enterprise. A narrator detains the past, holds present and prepares the reader for future. The features of narratives include characters with clear personalities or identities, integrated dialogue; where tense may transform to the present or the future. There are many types of narrative. They can be imaginary, factual or a combination of both. The literary work may include fairy stories, mysteries, science†¦show more content†¦Some of her themes centre along women, history, myth, magic, immigration and the South Asian experiences and celebrating diversity. She has herself claimed in many of her interviews that the diasporic subjects especially women are concerned about their identity, an identity which they try to reinvent constantly. She is a modernist writer. Her works, insights take precedence ov er compulsion of technique. She acknowledges the paradoxes in a given epoch, and wages an artistic, cultural, ideological and philosophical struggle. In this sense, she posits ego, love, freedom, sex, signs of modernism, as problematic through their modern sensibilities. She tries to locate meaning in the life around, and then try to respond to the modern conditions of individual isolation and cultural fracture, throughout her narration. Chitra Banerjee has grappled with contemporary issues and a variety of themes motherhood, mothering, marriage, individualization, class, conflicts, marginalization, woman as wife, mother, sister and lastly, yet significantly, woman as human, not just a sex object. She seems skeptical about tradition and, yet she discovers in her heritage the solutions for the needs and longing of women in contemporary times. Indira Gandhi quotes about women in her Eternal India. She said that, Woman must be a bridge and a synthesizer, she shouldn’t allow herself to be swept

International Contracting Contract Management

Question: Discuss about the International Contracting for Contract Management. Answer: A contract is an agreement that is made between two parties to the contract having the intention of being legally bound and the contract be supported by consideration. Contract makes an agreement legally enforceable by nature. For formation of a valid contract, the legal requisites such as offer, acceptance, competency and consideration should be fulfilled (Deakin Morris, 2012). The following are the legal requirements and importance of a valid contract: Offer: The offeror makes an offer to the offeree when he gives his willingness to enter into a contract. The moment the offeree accepts the offer a contract comes into existence. An offer may be made orally or in writing (McKendrick, 2014). Acceptance: Following the process of offer is acceptance. This step comes after the offeree is determined to enter into a contract with the offeror. Acceptance brings into life the contract that was formed between the parties. Intention to Create Legal Relation: This means that the parties to the contract should have a legal bent to form a legal relationship with one another. For example, merely planning to meet a friend for a party is not intention for creation of a legal relationship. A legal relationship means parties have the right to sue each other in the Court for non performance of contractual obligations. Consideration: Consideration means price of the contract that the offeree pays to the offeror at his detriment. Consideration may be in cash or in kind. A contract without consideration is regarded as void (Hillman, 2012). If the above-mentioned legal requisites are not fulfilled, a contract becomes void and unenforceable in the court of law. Thus, it is important that parties to the contract follow the legal formalities to make their contract valid and enforceable. Depending on the facts, presented in the case study, the issue that shall be discussed here is whether a valid and enforceable contract existed between Linda and Kevin. Offer and acceptance are the most important legal requirements for a valid contract. Offer means a promise to do something in return of consideration. An offer is made by the offeror while accepted by the offeree. Once the offeree accepts an offer, a contract comes into existence. However, there are many situations, which at the first instance, seems that an offer is made, yet they are simply invitation to offer or invitation to treat. Invitation to treat or offer is not an offer rather an invitation for others to make an offer so that they are able to proceed with further negotiations (Puil Weele, 2014). For example, advertisements, advertisements are invitation to offer and not an offer in itself. In the case of Pharmaceutical Society v. Boots Chemist, the Court opined that the contract was not formed when the customers decided to buy goods from the shop but when the cashier finally accepts the offer to buy the goods and receives the price from the buyer. Thus, in the case of adve rtisements, a contract is not formed unless the cashier or the person who makes the offer accepts the price of the goods advertised. In the case of Fisher v. Bell, the Court held that the display of the knife with the price tag was merely an invitation to offer and not final offer. The contract was made not when the customers saw the advertisement but when they made an offer to the shopkeeper and the customer accepted the same (Ayres Schwartz, 2014). Thus, advertisements are merely invitation to offer or treat and not a final offer. If the customer makes an offer to the person who posts the advertisement, he may accept it or reject it or may want to negotiate with the offer that one has made. This is called counter offer. Thus, the stage of negotiation is termed as counter offer. Counter offer allows the contract to reach on favourable terms of the contract for both the offeror and the offeree (Hyde v. Wrench). If a contract is in the stage of negotiation that is counter offer, a c ontract cannot be considered as valid and final unless the price of consideration is paid to the person who makes the advertisement (Ayres, 2012). Likewise, in the given case study it may be held that a valid contract did not exist between Kevin and Linda as their contract was still in the stage of negotiation and counter offer. Linda did not accept the offer of Kevin and no final settlement took place between them. The contract could have been made enforceable if Linda read Kevins message and agreed to his final decision of offer. However, in this case she did not read his message and proceeded with some other transaction. Thus, it may be said in this case, that no contract existed between Kevin and Linda. Linda shall not be held liable for breach of contract and her legal position in relation to the contract is strong. Depending on the facts in the case study, the issue that shall be discussed in the answer is whether a valid contract existed between Kevin and Linda or not? For formation of a valid contract, it is important that all the legal requirements of the valid contract be fulfilled. In the case of advertisements, offer may seem illusionary as no real offer takes place. Advertisements are merely invitation to offer and not real offer. The person who sends his response to the advertisement is considered as offer. The other person has the liberty of accepting the offer or rejecting the offer or he may negotiate with the terms of agreement (Deakin Morris, 2012). In the case of Tommy and Linda, Tommy offered Linda the price of 2000 dollars for the laptop on which Linda agreed and proceeded with the payment and delivery of the laptop. In this case, one may conclude that a valid contract existed between the two as the legal formalities such as offer, counter offer, acceptance and consideration were fulfilled. Tommy made the offer in response to the advertisement; Linda accepted the offer and proceeded to make appropriate arrangements for payment and delivery. There was interaction between the two parties to the contract via message, making it clear that the legal intention of the parties was to contract with one another. Thus, it may be concluded that a valid contract existed between Linda and Tommy. References: Ayres, I. (2012).Studies in Contract Law. Foundation Press. Ayres, I., Schwartz, A. (2014). No-Reading Problem in Consumer Contract Law, The.Stan. L. Rev.,66, 545. Chen-Wishart, M. (2012).Contract law. Oxford University Press. Deakin, S. F., Morris, G. S. (2012).Labour law. Hart publishing. Hillman, R. A. (2012).The richness of contract law: An analysis and critique of contemporary theories of contract law(Vol. 28). Springer Science Business Media. McKendrick, E. (2014).Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Niu, Z. (2015). The law of damages in Chinese contract law: A comparative study of damages calculation in Chinese law, English law and the CISG, with empirical results from Chinese practice. Puil, J. V. D., Weele, A. V. (2014). Contract Law and Tort Law. InInternational Contracting: Contract Management in Complex Construction Projects(pp. 285-292).

Leadership Management of the Virgin Group free essay sample

Change is the only constant in the world so when the world changes it is a must for an organisation to have the pace of change, to anticipate a success ahead. Virgin Atlantic has undergone many changes as the case in 1999 49% of Virgin Atlantic’s stake was sold to Singapore Airlines to have a partnership. (virginatlanbtic, 2010) and there was another change in 2008 where Virgin Atlantic started to use bio fuel instead of jet fuel(Virgin Atlantic,2011). When the organization faces challenges like these different situations, leadership styles can adapted to address the challenge.When Virgin Atlantic sold its 49% of stake to Singapore Airlines, it made the following challenges of merging, because now Virgin Atlantic is not fully authorized to change issues of it, it had to rely on Singapore Airlines too, so it can’t adapt an autocratic or bureaucratic leadership style, it should adapt the democratic where each party’s opinion is considered in the process of Virgin Atlantic. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Management of the Virgin Group or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since Richard Branson is a charismatic leader (Grant, 2004). He can easily adapt to any leadership style as it is required by the joint venture.In the case of bio fuel usage too the condition is the same. Being democratic the leader listens to the opinions from others too when there is an issue and can tell them the importance of change for an instance the bio fuel usage reduces green house gas emission in the environment, so it is an environmentally friendly activity. Task 2. 1 Virgin Atlantic is one of the successful products of The virgin Group whose organisational culture is quite complex, because this specific organisation has got more than 100 companies with often completely unrelated products.The Virgin Atlantic was too launched to expand the brand value of The Virgin Group, so having an understanding about The Virgin Group tells what kind of organisational strategy is followed in the Virgin Atlantic. It tries to create the loyalty of the customers; the innovative management inspires the employees to be actively engaged in the organisa tion (http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2010/07/case-study-richard-branson-and-the-virgin-group-of-companies-. html, 2010). Many leadership theories have influence over such organisational strategy of Virgin Atlantic.The transformational leadership can have positive impact on the development of the organisation. The possibility of having transformational leadership is assured where all united together as an organisation with sense of commitment (Naughtin), since Virgin Atlantic has a team work with the involvement of each employee, this leaderships favours the health of its organisational strategy, because here the group works under a common goal like increasing the image of Virgin Group in the world, which definitely increases the overall efficiency.Transactional leadership is something different from transformational, in transactional leadership personal performance of leadership is mainly concerned ,which can lead to greed and lack of team work. According to the organisational behaviour pattern of Virgin Atlantic this leadership theory won’t work well because, although the chairman is Richard Branson, he is not one, but million ones together who has the interest on Virgin Atlantic. So this style rarely helps to increase the performance of Virgin Atlantic.Task 2. 2 As stated above the vision of Virgin Atlantic is â€Å"to grow a profitable airline where people love to fly, and where people love to work†. Virgin Group has gone far in achieving this, but to be the one of the leading world’s airline, the organisation should have a realistic strategy with many features, that supports the direction of the organisation. Being a transformational and charismatic leader (Richard Branson) is the best to navigate Virgin Atlantic in the path of success (Virgin Atlantic, 2011).